Heat a large cast iron skillet over medium-low heat. Add the butter and sliced onions. Cook slowly for 20 to 25 minutes, stirring occasionally, until deeply golden and caramelized. Stir in the French onion soup mix packet and a splash of water. Cook for another minute until combined. Remove the onions and set aside.
Increase the heat to medium-high. Season the burger patties with CTH seasoning, salt, and pepper. Cook until nicely browned and cooked to your liking. In the last minute of cooking, add a slice of provolone to each patty and let it melt.
Spread a thin layer of mayo on the outside of each bread slice.
Build the patty melts: bread, cheesy burger patty, caramelized onions, a slice of mozzarella or white cheddar, and the top bread slice.
Place back into the skillet over medium heat and toast both sides until golden brown and crispy with the cheese fully melted throughout.
Slice in half and serve hot.